How we research, review, and publish.

We prefer primary research — peer-reviewed journals (PubMed/PMC), Cochrane reviews, and statements from major bodies (NIH/NIDDK, CDC, WHO, FDA, ADA, Endocrine Society, ACOG, NICE, USPSTF). We avoid supplement-vendor blogs, news aggregators, and unsourced opinion pieces. Every quantitative or clinical claim carries a numbered inline citation that links to its source.

Every article is reviewed by Tosin Ijale, DNP, FNP-BC, a board-certified Family Nurse Practitioner. Articles touching diagnosis, treatment, or dosing carry a visible reviewer credit and are dated. Reviewer sign-off includes a citation-by-citation check before publication.

Modern Metabolic publishes educational content. We do not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Articles are not a substitute for an individualized care plan with a clinician who knows your history. If you are pregnant, on medication, or managing a chronic condition, decisions about supplements, fasting, or training should be made with your clinician.

If a reader, clinician, or researcher flags a factual error, we update the article, add an inline correction note dated to the day of the fix, and update the page's last-modified timestamp. Substantive corrections (changed claims, retracted recommendations) are noted at the top of the article.

Some articles include affiliate links — if you click and buy, we may earn a small commission at no cost to you. Affiliate links never determine which products we recommend; we only feature products that pass our own reviewer screen. Sponsored articles are clearly labeled at the top and bottom of the page and outbound sponsor links are marked rel="sponsored" per FTC guidance. Sponsors do not review or approve editorial content.

We use AI tools to research, draft, and structure articles, similar to how a journalist uses transcription and search tools. Every published article is then reviewed by a human editor and a clinical reviewer before publication. We do not publish AI-generated medical claims that have not been verified against primary sources.

Our reviewers disclose any financial relationships with companies whose products appear in our articles. Where a relevant conflict exists, the conflicting reviewer recuses from that article and another reviewer signs off. We do not accept payment for editorial conclusions.